卧龙大熊猫食物基地的竹子种群密度及生物量

The Population Density and Biomass of Bamboos in the Giant Panda Food Base of Wolong

2005年11月~12月我们采用"定性评估法"、"样方法"、"收获法"和"非损伤重量估测法"对卧龙自然保护区2002年引种栽培的拐棍竹、白夹竹、美竹和方竹等竹种的生长状况、种群密度和生物量进行了调查。结果表明:拐棍竹、白夹竹和方竹均以中等生长状况为主,占50%~100%,美竹则以上等生长状况为优势,达70%左右。不同竹种无性系种群密度平均为拐棍竹467.76株.hm-2、白夹竹286.00株.hm-2、美竹326.00株.hm-2、方竹21.33株.hm-2,各龄级的排序均遵循4 a生<3 a生<2 a生<1 a生的递增格局。拐棍竹、白夹竹、美竹和方竹生物量(鲜重)平均分别是41.99 kg.hm-2、29.40kg.hm-2、188.06 kg.hm-2和16.30 kg.hm-2,各器官生物量的分配格局,因竹种不同各有差异。不同龄级竹子的鲜重具有明显差异,其排序为1 a生>2 a生>3 a生>4 a生,但均呈现出随着栽培年限的延长,竹子新生竹的数量和质量逐渐递增的趋势。利用SPSS 13.0软件建立了不同龄级竹种各器官生物量的估测模型,1 a^2 a生竹的模拟效果最佳(P<0.001),3 a^4 a生较差,同时根据不同生长状况与竹种种群密度和生物量的方差分析,以及不同竹种各龄级种群数量之间的相关性,提出了食物基地的经营管理措施。

From Nov. 2005 to Dec. 2005, investigations were conducted on the growth status, and population and biomass of bamboos cultivated in 2002 by adopting the quality assessment method, the sampling method, and harvest method and non-destructive volume estimation method in Wolong Nature Reserve. The results showed that the growth status of three species of bamboo （ F. robusta,Ph. Nidularia, Ph. Mannii） belonged to middling class, accounting for 50% - 100% , but that of Ch. Quadrangularis belonged mainly to good class,accounting for about 70%. The clone population density of each bamboo species was 467. 76 culm · hm^-2 （F. robusta） ,286. 00 culm · hm^-2 （Ph. Nidularia） ,326. 00 culm · hm^-2 （ Ph. Mannii） and 21.33 culm · hm^-2 （ Ch. Quadrangularis）, respectively. The order of age-class density was as follows ： four-year 〈 three-year 〈 two-year 〈 one-year bamboo. The biomass （ wet weight） ofF. robusta,Ph. Nidularla,Ph. Mannii and Ch. Quadrangularis was 41.99 kg· hm^-2,29.40 kg· hm^-2,188. 06 kg · hm^-2 and 16. 30 kg · hm^-2, respectively, and the distributive patterns of organ biomass were diversified because of different bamboo species. It was of a significant difference that the wet weight of different age-class bamboos, and their order was one-year 〉 two-year 〉 three-year 〉 four-year bamboo, but the quantities and qualities of new bamboos gradually increased with the prolongation of the cultivated time. The estimation models of each organ biomass in different age-class bamboos were established by SPSS 13.0 software. In each age-class bamboo, the effect of model simulation of annual and two-year bamboos was the best （P 〈 0. 001 ）, but that of three year and four-year bamboos was rather poor, the management measures of giant pandas＇ food base construction in Wolong Nature Reserve were recommended according to the analysis of variance （ANOVA） in the correlation of different growth status and bamboo population density and biomass, and the relativities of the population quantities in different age-classbamboos.