义素类型与词义的功能

Sememe Genres and Functions of the Lexical Meaning

义素是基本的语义单位,是一种多层次的结构。笔者从三个层次对义素进行分类。其中,第二层次的指物一概念义素和内涵义素尤为重要,它们在词义中的分布决定了词义的功能。当指物一概念义素位于意义核心时,该词义完成称名功能;当内涵义素位于意义核心时,该词义不用于称名,而是表达说话者或其语言文化群体的主观态度,完成内涵功能。

Sememe is the basic unit of the lexical meaning and a multi - level structure, which corresponds with the genre of lexical meanings. The second level of the sememe, material conceptual and connotational sememes is the most important and determines the word function in the distribution of lexical meaning. When material conceptual sememe lists in the meaning center, the lexical meaning plays a role of naming. As to connotational sememe, the lexical meaning only expresses the subjective attitude of addressor or other linguistic and cultural colony.