福建土楼 文化景观的保护探索

Fujian Hakka Earthen Dwellings Complex——the Exploration and Preservation of a Cultural Landscape

福建土楼的保护整治,在乡土历史景观和地域自然风景的整体性保护方面进行了有益的探索。为改善社会关系、维持社区网络以及传承传统文化(如客家文化)提供环境条件,并通过适当的干预,在土楼聚落中导入现代生活条件,增强现代社会对传统社群生活模式消解的抵抗力量。然而,土楼的保护工作依然面临着许多挑战。大量未作为世界遗产申报对象的土楼,其命运依然不容乐观。如何实现土楼村落环境品质的整体提升,重新吸引年青人回归,在新农村建设过程中,通过遗产保护利用、恢复地区的生机与活力,实现村落的可持续发展,构建土楼村落和谐社会,才是土楼保护的终极目标。

The conservation and treatment of Fujian Hakka earthen dwellings Complex have made conducive explorations in the overall preservation of historical landscape with rural flavor and natural landscape.It also offered settings for improving social relations and maintaining community network as well as passing on traditional culture(such as Hakka Culture).With proper interference,modern living conditions could be introduced into the Hakka earthen dwellings settlement,strengthening the fading resistance forces to traditional settlement life mode.However,the preservation of the Hakka earthen dwellings complex are confronted with many challenges.The situation of a large number of Hakka earthen dwellings which have not been treated as the building complex applying for being included on UNESCO's World Heritage List has been far from satisfaction.The ultimate goals for the preservation of the Hakka earthen dwellings should focus on the following aspects:How should we do to realize the overall enhancement of the environmental quality of the Hakka earthen dwellings villages so as to attract youths to return to their home villages; Special efforts should be paid to create a harmonious society in the Hakka earthen dwellings villages by reviving the vigor by means of heritage conservation in order to achieve sustainable development of villages during the process of new rural construction.