云南拉市海灰鹤的越冬行为初步观察

Preliminary Observation on the Wintering Behavior of Eurasian Crane in Lashihai Lake,Yunnan

2004年10月～2005年3月初步观察了云南拉市海保护区灰鹤(Grusgrus)的越冬行为。灰鹤在拉市海的越冬期为175～180d。10月初至11月下旬为灰鹤在拉市海的"迁入期",11月底至12月底为"过境停留期",1月初至3月中旬为"稳定越冬期",3月中下旬为"迁出期"。越冬期日间活动以取食为主,占据了75.53%左右的时间,其次为警戒14.66%、护理5.05%、休息4.49%,4种行为的时间分配在各时间段之间差异极显著。在越冬个体中,家庭单位中的成鹤和幼鹤都是比集群中的个体利用更少的时间取食和更多时间警戒,说明较大的群体规模可以降低个体面临的捕食风险。

During October 2004 to March 2005, we studied the population dynamics in wintering period of Eurasian Cranes （Grus grus ） and daily time budget in Lashihai Lake, Yunnan Province. Eurasian Crane wintered in the Lashihai Lake for 175 - 180 d. The duration could be classified into four phases： immigration phase （early October to late November）, migrating stopover phase （ end of November to end of December）, steady-going wintering phase （early January to middle of March） and emigration phase （late March）. Eurasian Crane spent 75.53% of total daily time in feeding about, 14.66% of their time in vigilance, 5.05% in preening and 4.49% in resting. The time budget in each of the four activities was fairly significantly difference in each of the four phases （immigration, migrating stopover, steady-going wintering, and emigration）. Individuals, no matter adults or juveniles with in flocks devoted less time in to vigilance and more time in to feeding than the family members.