兰州八里镇蔬菜基地春季土壤纤毛虫群落特征

Community Characteristics of Soil Ciliates in Vegetables Base of Bali Town in Lanzhou in Spring

2005年4月至2007年6月,用活体观察和固定染色方法对兰州八里镇蔬菜基地春季土壤纤毛虫的群落特征进行了研究。共鉴定出土壤纤毛虫67种,其中包括2个未定名种和14个中国土壤纤毛虫新纪录种。在八里镇蔬菜基地的土壤中鉴定到纤毛虫34种,隶属于3纲、7目、17科、18属;下毛目、肾形目、前口目为其优势类群;吻吴氏虫(Woodruffia rostrata)、近亲游仆虫(Euplotes affinis)、苔藓圆纤虫(Strongylidium muscorum)、鱼形瘦尾虫(Uroleptus piscis)、似膜袋虫(Cyclidiumsimulans)等为其优势种。在对照样点(兰山)中鉴定到纤毛虫49种,隶属于3纲、9目、23科、30属;下毛目、盾纤目、肾形目和篮口目为其优势类群;苔藓游仆虫(E.muscicola)、近缘殖口虫(Gonostomum affine)、皮速体虫(Tachysoma pellionella)、食藻斜管虫(Cyclidiumsimulans)等为其优势种。八里镇蔬菜基地和对照样点的Gleason-Margalef物种多样性指数分别为3.672、5.393;与对照样点土壤纤毛虫的群落Jaccard相似系数为0.239。结果表明,八里镇蔬菜基地春季土壤纤毛虫的物种多样性与对照样点相比有所降低,其群落结构简单化。

The community characteristics of soil ciliates in Vegetables Base of Bali Town in Lanzhou in spring were studied by observation in vivo and fixation-staining from April 2005 to June 2007. Totally 67 species were identified, including 2 unnamed species and 14 new records of soil ciliates in China. 34 species were found in Vegetables Base of Bali Town, belonging to 18 genera of 17 families from 7 orders in 3 classes; Hypotrichida, Colpodida and Prostomatida were dominant groups; Woodruffia rostrata, Euplotes affinis, Strongylidium muscorum, Uroleptus piscis and Cyclidium simulans were dominant species in Vegetables Base of Bali Town. 49 species were identified in the contrast soils （Lanshan）, belonging to 30 genera of 23 families from 9 orders in 3 classes; Hypotrichida, Scuticociliatida, Colpodida and Nassulida were dominant groups; E. muscicola, Gonostomum affine, Tachysoma pellionella and Chilodonella algivora were dominant species in contrast soils. The Gleason-Margalef Species Diversity Index of Vegetables Base of Bah Town and contrast soils were 3.672 and 5.393, respectively; the Jaccard Similarity Index was 0.239 between Vegetables Base of Bali Town and contrast soils. The results suggested that compared of the contrast soils, species diversity in Vegetables Base of Bali Town was lower, and the community structure of soil ciliates was simpler.