甘蔗地定量施用糖厂酒精废液技术体系多点试验

Multiple location experiment of technique system for direct rational applicationof vinasse from cane mill in sugarcane fields

通过新鲜酒精废液直接定量在甘蔗地施用,结合地膜覆盖建立了甘蔗地定量施用糖厂酒精废液技术体系,并于2005年在广西6个不同蔗区进行新植和宿根蔗不同酒精废液施用量对比试验。结果显示,3个施用酒精废液的处理(45、75、105 t/hm2),甘蔗平均产量分别为92.3、102.5、93.7 t/hm2,分别比不施肥处理(CK1)增产13.24%、17.55%和14.92%,比常规施肥处理(CK2)增产7.66%、11.75%和9.25%;甘蔗平均蔗糖分分别为14.66%、14.85%和14.83%,分别比CK1提高0.06%、0.25%和0.23%,比CK2提高0.11%、0.30%和0.28%。表明新鲜酒精废液直接定量在甘蔗地施用是可行的,尤以75 t/hm2的处理效果最佳。推广酒精废液直接还田与地膜覆盖相结合的技术,既可增产增糖,降低甘蔗生产成本,提高蔗糖整体经济效益,同时对消除环境污染,变废为宝,发展蔗糖业循环经济意义重大。

For purposes of eliminating environmental pollution and transferring the waste into valuable fertilizer through rationally applying it in sugarcane fields directly, a technique system for direct rational application of vinasse from cane mill in sugarcane fields was established, and different rates of fresh vinasse were experimented in 6 sides of different regions representing different ecological conditions in Guangxi, China in 2005. Based on the performance of both the plant and ratoon crops,the average cane tonnages were 92.3,102.5 and 93.7 t/hm^2 for the treatments with 45,75 and 105 t/hm^2 vinasse ,respectively,which were 13.24 %, 17.55 % and 14.92 % higher than that of non-fertilizing control （ CK1 ）, and 7.66 %, 11.75 % and 9.25 % higher than that of the conventional fertilization control （ CK2）, respectively. The sucrose % cane was 14.66 % ,14.85 % and 14.83 % ,for the treatments with 45,75 and 105 t/hm^2 vinasse,respectively,which was 0.06 % ,0.25 % and 0.23 % higher than that of CK1 ,and 0.11% ,0.30 % and 0.28 % higher than that of CK2,zespectively. The above experimental results showed that the vinasse from sugarcane mill should be a very good complete organic fertilizer for sugarcane,and the fresh vinasse could be rationally applied in the fields without any dilution or pretreatment,which would produce significant increases in cane tonnage and sucrose % cane and reducing the chemical fertilizer application and production cost so resulting in more profit for sugarcane and sugar production while avoiding environmental pollution,and especially,the treatment with 75 vinasse showed the best economic benefit. The direct rational application of fresh vinasze in sugarcane fields is practically possible through a set of technical measures.