猪舍环境中气载需氧菌及气载葡萄球菌的研究

Study on airborne aerobic bacterial and airborne staphylococcus in pig fields

本研究采用Andersen-6空气微生物收集器,选用血-葡萄糖-琼脂培养基为采样介质,对两个不同猪场8个猪舍环境空气中需氧菌总数和葡萄球菌总数进行了检测,并对葡萄球菌的菌群组成进行了分析,评价气载需氧菌和气载葡萄球菌对猪舍环境的污染及对饲养人员健康的潜在危害。结果表明,2个猪场气载需氧菌的浓度分别为2.87×104、12.65×104CFU/m3,葡萄球菌的浓度分别为1.94×104、5.74×104CFU/m3。猪舍空气中葡萄球菌主要包括金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、腐生葡萄球菌、猪葡萄球菌、木葡萄球菌、头状葡萄球菌、科氏葡萄球菌、肉葡萄球菌,其中金黄色葡萄球菌的浓度占葡萄球菌总浓度的24%和27%,其次是表皮葡萄球菌和腐生葡萄球菌。从葡萄球菌菌在Andersen-6空气微生物收集器层级上的分布规律来看,主要分布在B^E级(36.9%),气溶胶颗粒直径在0.2~6μm之间,可以进入到人、畜的气管、支气管,甚至细支气管,对养殖人员和动物呼吸道存在严重危害。

Concentration of airborne aerobic bacteria and airborne staphylococcus were measured by Andersen-6 stage sampler with the blood- glucosc-agar culture medium in twelve stables of two different pig fields in Tai＇an to externally evaluate the pollution and harm of airborne aerobic bacteria and airborne staphylococcus, and the component of staphylococcus were analyzed too. The result showed that the total number of airborne aerobic bacterial were 2.87 × 10^4 and 12.65 × 10^4CFU/m^3 ,and airborne staphylococcus were 1.94 × 10^4 and 5.74 × 10^4CFU/m^3 rcspoctively in two pig fields. The component of airborne staphylococcus were staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, staphylo- coccus saprophyicus,staphylococcus hyicus, staphylococcus xylosus, staphylococcus capitis, staphylococcus cohnii and staphylococcus equorum. Among them,the content of staphylococcus aurcus was about 24 % and 27 % of the total number of staphylococcus, staphylococcus epidermidis and staphylococcus saprophyicus were the next in order. In addition ,based on the distributing in the six layers of Andersen-6 stage sampler, airborne aerobic bacterial and airborne staphylococcus aurcus distributed at B to E stage with aerodynamic diameters ranged from 2 to 6 μm, which could reach trachea and bronchia even bronchiole, make severe threatening for stockmen and animals respiratory tract.