2008年雪灾的原因及日本应急制度给我国的启发

Causes of 2008 Snow Disaster in China and Enlightenment from Japanese Emergency System

随着我国经济飞速发展、城市化运动的持续进行,人口集中度和财富集中度进一步增加,也就增加了巨灾风险,2008年1月份,我国南方发生了严重的低温雨雪灾害,造成了严重的损失。本次雪灾影响之大,除了有天气原因外,我国应急管理能力的不足也是一个重要的原因。总体来说,我国的应急能力存在应急资源不足、灾害防御能力不足、应急体制整合能力差等问题。我们的近邻日本在对抗灾害的过程中,积累了很多宝贵的经验,取得了很多的成绩。本文在简析了本次雪灾的主要原因的基础上,又借鉴了日本相关的制度,给出了一些提高我国应急能力的建议。

With rapid economic growth and continuous urbanization, the population and wealth have been focused more and more, increasing severe disaster risks. In January 2008, heavy snow disaster attacked Southern China and caused severe damage. Climate is not the only reason for the severe damage. The lack of emergency management is another important reason. Japanese have got much achievement in emergency management. Causes for the snow disaster are analyzed; and based on relevant Japanese regulations, some suggestions are put forward to improve Chinese emergency management capacity.