“冰冻灾害”过程中长途汽车司机心理安全感与应付方式的初步调查

A Preliminary Survey on Mental Security and Reactions of Long-distance Drivers during the Snow Disaster

"春季冰灾"的严重后果无疑是"京珠高速"的瘫痪,而长时间滞留其中的长途汽车司机既是灾害当事人,也是灾害见证人。在灾害持续过程中了解当事人心理活动及其变化过程,在灾害心理学上无疑具有理论意义与实践价值。调查结果表明,灾害持续时间(车辆滞留时间)与当事人的心理活动有着密切的关系,灾害持续一周后,当事人的心理安全感显著下降,应付方式开始从成熟型应对向不成熟型应对退化。看来,灾害持续不仅消解心理健康,而且瓦解应变能力。

The heavy snow disaster in the early spring 2008 caused severe and long term traffic paralysis, in which long distance drivers were both victims and witnesses. Understanding the drivers＇ mental activity and change is of great significance to disaster psychology, both in theory and in practice. The survey shows a close relationship between the disaster period （paralysis period） and the drivers＇ mental activity; after a week, the drivers＇ sense of security became less, and reactions became less mature than before. A conclusion is that a lasting disaster harms mental health and disintegrates people＇ s reaction capacity.