普通小麦×大麦杂种后代细胞遗传学研究

STUDIES ON CYTOGENETICS OF TRANSFERENCE HORDEUM DISTICUM DESIRED GENE TO TRITICUM AESTIVUM

普通小麦×大麦杂种与普通小麦回交，产生了具有普通小麦细胞质带有部分大麦细胞核的普通小麦-大麦属间杂种后代。对其连续多年套袋自交、测交、细胞学鉴定和定向选择，从自交后代群体中筛选出一部分异附加系、异代换系和易位系等具有大麦某些特性的小麦新类型，并系统地对单体和二体附加系自交后代染色体的分离行为作了遗传分析。结果表明：2n＝43的单体附加植株白交分离出单体附加的频率为25．6％，二体附加的频率为1．2％；2n＝44的二体附加株自交分离出单体附加的频率为29.9％。二体附加的频率为50．3％，占分离出的2n＝44附加株的88．4％；2n＝44的二体附加系植株自交附加染色体的传递率明显高于2n＝43的单体附加，相对易于保持。

Some relatively stable alien addition line, alien substitution line and translocationline were obtained by the means of formation and cytology indentifyng and directed selecting the backcross progenies,Which were backcrossed intergenous F1 hybrids betweencommon wheat and cultivated barley bachcross with common wheat. Furthermore, thesegregation action of addition chromosome in selfing generation was systematically investigated. The results showed that the segregation frequency of monosomic and disomicaddition of monosomic addition line (2n = 43) was 25.6 % and 1. 2% respectively in selfing generations. But those of disomic addition line (2n=44) were 29. 9% and 50. 3%respectively. the number plants of dlsomic was 86. 7 % in (2n = 44) addition line;The addition chromosome transsmission rate in disomic addition line was obviously higher thanthat of monosomic addition line in their selfing generation,disomic addition line was relatively liable to preserve.