论鄂西土家族“跳丧”的传承及异化

The Inheritance and Variation of Tujia's "Jump for Mourning" on the Western Hubei

"跳丧"是鄂西土家族的丧葬习俗,是鄂西土家在民间保存最完整、最古朴的一种古老民间舞蹈,也是巴土文化的一项重要内容。"跳丧"具有许多优良的民族特色,但流传千百年的禁忌使它的发展受到了限制,而"跳丧"向"巴山舞"的成功转变给它的传承和发展带来了契机。通过文献资料、专家访谈、实地考察等研究方法,分析了"跳丧"的历史文化渊源、时代流变以及"跳丧"的特色与局限,论述了"巴山舞"对"跳丧"的传承和异化以及巴山舞的发展优势。

Tujia nationality＇s ＂Jump for mourning＂ is a funeral custom and one kind of the most complete and plalnest ancient folk dance on the western Hubei, it is also an important culture of the nation. ＂Jump for mourning＂ has many fine national characteristics, but the taboos spreaded for many years have limited its development. ＂Bashan dance＂ has brought the turning point for its inheritance and development. By approach of documentation, experts interviews, the on-the-spot investigation and so on, this article analyzes the cultural origin, changes, characteristics and limitations of ＂Jump for mourning＂, then elaborates the innovations from ＂Jump for mourning＂ to ＂Bashan dance＂ and the superiorities of ＂Bashan dance＂ during its development.