模糊PID控制的电动汽车再生制动系统变换器的研究

Study of Fuzzy PID Control for Regenerative Braking Converter of Electric Vehicle

提出了利用超级电容作为储能元件实现电动汽车再生制动的能量回收方案,分析了电动汽车控制系统的双向DC/DC变换器和电机驱动器的驱动降压电路、制动升压电路,设计了该控制系统的模糊自整定PID控制器。通过仿真研究表明,在车辆驱动降压变换时,模糊自整定PID控制的超级电容器在150 A左右的大电流放电情况下,超级电容仍能维持2.5 s的指定电压输出,车辆在额定功率下工作,通过降压变换,超级电容储存的能量迅速供给电机,有效提高了驱动电流,改善了起动及加速性能,有效增加了续驶里程。在制动升压变换时,模糊自整定PID控制的超级电容器电流基本跟随指令值上下波动,超级电容电压从120 V不断上升,使得该电容器的储能能力得到充分利用,实现了高水平的能量回收。

An energy reclaimed scheme using super capacitor as energy storage element to realize the regenerative braking of electric vehicles was presented. DC/DC converter of electric vehicle control system, buck chopper and boost chopper of motor driver were analyzed. Fuzzy self-tuning PID controller of the DC/DC converter was designed. The simulation research indicates the following conclusions： （ 1 ） The super capacitor with the fuzzy self-tuning PID control system still keeps the carrying output voltage of 2.5 s at about 150 A of discharging electric current when regenerative braking system is at the state of buck chopper. The energy stored by super capacitor supplies to electrical motor rapidly, which increases drive current effectively, improves starting and accelerating performance. It also extends vehicle＇ s working time and increases driving distance at rated power output. （2） The electric current of the super capacitor with the fuzzy self-tuning PID control system fluctuates according to the instructions when regenerative b energy stored raking system is at the state of boost chopper. Its voltage rises incessantly from 120 V. This shows the by super capacitor is made the best using, which can realize a high level energy recovery.