浅析王尔德的唯美主义理论及其审美救赎特质

On Oscar Wilde′s Aestheticism and Its Aesthetic Salvation Feature

王尔德在《谎言的衰朽》中提出了艺术具有独立性,生活和自然不完美、必须经过艺术的加工,生活模仿艺术的三大唯美主义理论;在《作为艺术家的批评家》中又提出艺术是道德所无法约束的,也不应受道德的约束之理论。面对物欲横流的社会现实,王尔德从强调文化的角度推崇纯艺术(唯美主义),以此作为否定现实、超越现实的手段。唯美主义理论并非如前人所认为的那样遁世消极,而是包含着以审美救赎为主观目的的积极因素。

The famous English Aesthetic writer Oscar Wilde expressed three Aestheticism theories in The Decay of Lying： the independence of art, the defects of life and nature and the consequent process of life and nature by art, and life＇s imitation of art. In The Critic As Artist, he further added the fourth theory： art cannot be controlled by morality and also should not be controlled by it. Facing with the social reality of material desire overflow, Wilde held in esteem the pure art from the angle of emphasizing culture so as to be used as the way of denying and surpassing the reality. Aestheticism theory is not as people said that it was withdrawing from the society and passive, but it concludes the active elements of aesthetic redeem as the subjective purpose.