地基-地下结构系统动力离心模型试验相似设计方法研究

Study on Similitude Theory of Dynamic Soil-structure Interaction Test on Shaking Table System for Geotechnical Centrifuge

对于振动模型试验，相似关系设计是很重要的环节，在试验前期关系到模型尺寸的大小与材料的选取，在试验结束后则关系到试验数据的处理。基于Bockingham π定理，采用量纲分析法对土-结构动力相互作用的离心机振动台试验进行了模型相似关系设计。在模型相似设计中，主要考虑的因素为模型试验应能较好地模拟原型中土-结构之间的相互作用，因此相似关系设计的控制因素即为土与结构之间的相对刚度应尽可能与原型保持一致，同时综合考虑了模型材料的性质、模型制作的难易、模型箱边界的影响与仪器设备的实际性能等因素。在相似方案确定的基础上，结构模型的尺寸与制作材料也随之确定。相似方案的确定对离心机振动台试验的进行具有重要的影响，研究成果对相关离心机振动台试验的模型设计具有一定的参考作用。

Similitude design of a model test concerns the size and materials of the model in prophase of a test and also concerns the management of data after the test, so it is very important for shaking tests. Similitude design of the dynamic soilstructure interaction test on shaking table system for geotechnical centrifuge is carried out by means of dimension analytical method, which is based on theorem of Bockingham. During the similitude design, the most important factor is that the test should simulate the soil-structure interaction of the prototype well. So the control term of similitude design is that the relative stiffness between soil and structure should be consistent with the prototype. In addition, physical properties of model materials, the difficulty of making model, the influence of the boundary of model box, the capacity of equipments and the appropriate similitude design plan are taken into consideration. Then the size and materials of the model are decided. The optimization of similitude design plans will exert influence on the process of the test deeply and the results of the paper may supply references to the model design of similar tests on shaking table system for geotechnical centrifuge.