《老子》中的“吾”“我”指代辨析

The Differences between the First Personal Pronoun "Wu" and "Wo" in "Lao Zi"

本文以《老子》为语料,对其中第一人称代词"吾"和"我"从句法功能和指代意义两方面进行辨析,并进一步讨论了"吾"与"我"在《老子》中共存的意义。"吾"在《老子》中可以做主语和定语,"我"可以做主语、定语和宾语;"我"是得道之人,是圣人,"吾"是未得道之人,是"道"的追求者;"吾""我"共存清晰地展示了"道"是"德"的目标和归宿,"德"是"道"的实践和追求。

This paper explains the differences between the first personal pronoun 'Wu' and 'Wo' from the function of syntax and the meaning of representation in 'Lao Zi'. The meaning of co-existing of 'Wu' and 'Wo' in 'Lao Zi' is discussed in the paper. 'Wu' can be subject and attribute, and 'Wo' can be subject, attribute and object in 'Lao Zi'. 'Wo' is a person who has owned Dao, so he/she is sage. 'Wu' is a person who has not owned Dao and he/she is a follower. Therefore, the co-existing of 'Wu' and 'Wo' present the objective and the end of 'Dao' and 'De' clearly. 'De' is the practice and the pursuit of 'Dao'.