嘉陵江流域吸附态非点源污染负荷研究

Adsorbed Non-point Source Pollution Load of Jialing River Basin

以美国通用土壤流失方程为基础,通过考虑引起流域土壤流失年际变化的水文条件和土地管理因素及泥沙输移过程的时空差异,提出了能够反映流域泥沙输出量逐年动态变化的估算方法,并以嘉陵江流域为研究对象进行了验证.在此基础上,根据流域吸附态氮磷污染年负荷与年泥沙输出量的相互关系,建立了流域吸附态氮磷污染年负荷模型.基于地理信息技术,应用所建模型,对嘉陵江流域1990~2005年因水土流失产生的吸附态氮磷污染负荷的空间分布进行了模拟和定量研究.结果表明,该流域吸附态氮磷流失较严重的地区主要分布在上游的白龙江和西汉水子流域;近年来,由于流域水土流失治理工作的进展,吸附态氮磷污染负荷逐年减少,近5年平均吸附态氮磷污染负荷分别为34 423 t/a和1 848 t/a,与1990年相比减少约60%.

Based on the American Universal Soil Loss Equation, focused on the two main factors that are hydrology condition and land management practice which can influence the soil loss in the watershed change yearly, and took into account the sediment transport process which can effect the soil loss differ spatially, a new sediment load evaluation method was put forward which can reflect the yearly change process of soil loss. Took Jialing River basin as a research example and validated the new evaluation method. Furthermore, according to the correlation between the sediment load and adsorbed nitrogen and phosphorus pollution load, established a yearly load evaluation model of the adsorbed nitrogen and phosphorus pollution. By virtue of the geographical information technology, the yearly load and spatial distribution of the adsorbed nitrogen and phosphorus pollution due to soil erosion in the Jialing River basin from 1990 to 2005 have been studied by the established model. The results show that adsorbed phase of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution are quite seriously in the subbasin of Bailong River and Xihanshui River. In recent years, adsorbed nitrogen and phosphorus pollution loads have declined year by year because of the conservation practices of soil and water in this basin. The average loads of adsorbed nitrogen and phosphorus pollution are 34 423 t/a and 1 848 t/a respectively in the past five years, which have reduced by about 60% from 1990.