甲磺隆对沉水植物伊乐藻的生理生态效应研究

Physiological Effects of Metsulfuron-methy on Elodea nuttallii

采用室内水培实验方法,研究不同浓度甲磺隆对伊乐藻生长的影响及其体内光合色素含量和3种抗氧化酶活性的变化.结果表明,甲磺隆可以刺激伊乐藻新芽萌发,但是对植株的生长具有明显的抑制作用.浓度≤5.0 mg/L的甲磺隆在实验初期可促进伊乐藻体内叶绿素含量的增加,随时间的延长,最终抑制叶绿素的合成,降低了植物体的光合作用能力.低浓度条件下,CAT及POD活性先升高后降低,而SOD活性持续升高.较高浓度和较长时间处理时,伊乐藻抗氧化酶系统活性下降.甲磺隆胁迫可以引起伊乐藻体内活性氧的产生和积累,诱导抗氧化酶活性,当胁迫超过一定强度时,抗氧化酶活性受到抑制,活性氧不能及时清除,从而对植物体形成氧化损伤,这可能是该类除草剂对水生植物的重要致毒机制之一.

Physiological effects of metsulfuron-methy on Elodea nuttallii was studied. The growth status, the photosynthetic pigments content and activities of anti-oxidation enzymes of Elodea nuttallii were examined with different contents of metsulfuron-methyl in cultural solution. The results showed that metsulfuron-methy could stimulate the sprout bourgeoning but restrained the growth of frond remarkably. At lower concentrations, metsulfuron-methy could increase the content of chlorophyll at the beginning, but inhibited the syntheses of chlorophyll ultimately and reduced the plant＇ s photosynthetic capacity. Activities of CAT and POD increased at first and then decreased, while SOD activities increased all the time. With higher concentration and longer treatment time, the activities of anti-oxidation enzymes would decrease. It is indicated that metsulfuron-methy can arise the formation and accumulation of reactive oxygen species in Elodea nuttallii, and induce activities of anti-oxidation enzymes. When stress intensity exceeds a certain value, the activities of anti-oxidation enzymes will be inhibited and reactive oxygen species can not be removed in time and will finally result in oxidative damages to the plant. This may be an important toxicity mechanism of this kind of herbicide to aquatic plants.