农业生态系统中土壤动物资源的调查研究

Studies on Soil Animal Resources in Agro-ecosystem

调查了6种农业生境类型的土壤动物数量和群落组成,共获得土壤动物6631头,分属于4门11纲17目。从总体讲,优势类群为蜱螨目、弹尾目和线虫纲,分别占总捕获量的34.92%,31.82%和11.68%;常见类群为膜翅目、鞘翅目、直翅目和寡毛纲,分别占总捕获量的7.92%,4.78%,1.45%和1.31%;其他16类为稀有类群。土壤动物的个体数量表现为林地>果园>苗圃>荒地>菜园>农田,多样性指数表现为果园>林地>苗圃>荒地>菜园>农田,但各试验样地的优势种类和常见种类有所不同。说明人为干扰较小的农业生境土壤动物的数量和类群数较多。林地和果园、荒地、菜园的相似性系数较高,群落结构极为相似。

The quantity and composition of soil animals in six agriculture ecotype were investigated and a total of 6 631 soil animals were captured and identified in the experiment,which belong to 4 phyla,ll classes and 17 orders. The results showed that Acarina,Collembola and Nematoda were dominant species,accounting for 34.92%,31.82% and 11.68% of the total capture,respectively. The common groups were Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Orthoptera and Oligachaeta, accounting for 7.92%,4.78%,1.45% and 1.31%,respectively. The rest was rare species. The number of soil animals was forest lands〉 orchard 〉 nursery〉 wilderness〉 kale yard〉 farmland, while the diversity index was orchard〉 forests lands〉 nursery〉 wilderness〉 kale yard〉 farmland, but the dominant communities and common group animals were different in different sample plots. The facts illustrated that agricultural environments which had less Anthropogenic interference factors had more quantities and groups of soil animals. Forest lands, wilderness, kale yard had a higher similarity coefficient and their community structure was similar too.