平衡施肥技术对玉米产量影响的研究

Study on Effect of Balanced Fertilization Technology on the Yield of Corn

以玉米为供试作物,研究玉米高产的土壤养分限制因子及推荐施肥量与习惯施肥量在玉米产量效应方面的差异。结果表明,玉米干物质积累量在拔节期到大喇叭口期增长最快,磷肥不足易影响玉米苗期的干物质积累,施钾有利于玉米干物质积累量的增加。各处理以推荐施肥的OPT处理产量最高,比习惯施肥的FP处理增产6.5%,二者之间差异达到显著水平。在OPT施肥水平下,玉米高产的主要限制因子是钾。因此,必须科学调配氮磷钾的施用比例,加大钾肥的施用量,实现玉米优质高产。

The main nutrient limited factors in soil, as well as the difference of yield effect between balanced fertilization and traditional farmer practice was studies while corn as the testing crop. The results showed that the dry matter had the most rapid accumulation from jointing stage to tasselling stage. And insufficient P-fertilizer would affect the accumulation of dry matters during seedling stage, while K-fertilizers would increase the accumu- lation of dry matters. Also, recommended OPT treatment had the highest yield with number of 6.5% increasing more than that of traditional farmer practice. And there was a significant diversity between two treatments. The main limited influenced factor on corn maximum yield was K at the amount of fertilization of OPT treatment. So it was necessary to adjust the rate of N, P, and K, and increase the application amount of K for higher yield and better quality of corn.