论民国时期华北小麦生产的发展

On the Development of the Wheat Production in North China during the Republic of China

华北小麦生产有着悠久的历史。小麦生产是华北农业突出的区域特征,华北也是我国小麦生产的重心地区。民国时期为中国近代史上重要转折阶段,社会经济的各个方面都在发生变化,农业生产也在其中。此期,华北小麦生产正处"由手工或畜力农具向机械化农具,由直接经验向近代科学技术,由自给自足生产向商品化生产转化"的重大转折期。本文试图对这一时期华北小麦生产的正反两方面因素进行分析总结,认为这一时期促进华北小麦生产的主要因素为井灌的推广、麦作改进和小麦的商品性生产,其制约因素则主要为水资源缺乏、生产技术落后以及农业灾害和战争的频发。

It has a long history for wheat production in North China. It is the prominent regional characteristics in North China Agriculture, which is the key areas for wheat production. The period of the Republic of China was the important turning pointing in China modern history, the various socio-economic aspects were changing, included the agricultural pro- duction. During that period, northern wheat production was experiencing a maior turning point, ＂form by the manual or animal power tools to mechanized farming tools, and from direct experience to modern science and technology, and from by self-sufficient production to commercial production ＂ . This paper attempts to summit and analyze the both positive and negative factors in wheat production in North China. Draw the conclusion that the main factors to promote the wheat production in North China is well irrigation, Improved wheat technology and the Wheat commercial production, while the main constraints is water scarcity, the backward production technology, the agricultural disasters and frequent wars.