论英语明喻的其他格式及应用

On Other Patterns of Simile and Its Usage

明喻是英语修辞格比喻的一种,明喻的格式除基本的"A is like B"或"A is as…as B"外,还有其他五种格式:(1)虚拟式,虚拟式常用as if或as though作比喻词,用so…that起比喻词作用则较为少见。(2)that式,句式为A is to B what C is to D和What Cis to D,A is to B,第一个句式的what从句提到句首就形成了第二个句式。(3)than式,(4)动词式,(5)And式,这种明喻句常用于英语谚语,and相当于like。明喻作为一种最常见的修辞方式,广泛地应用于广告,科技说明文中。广告中使用明喻,能形象,传神地刻画产品的特点和作用。科技文中使用明喻,能使抽象的概念具体化,形象化。

Simile is one form of metaphor in English figure of speech. Except for the basic pattern＇A is like B＂ or ＂A is as…＂as B＂, there exists other five simile patterns： （1） subjunctive pattern. Unlike ＂so…＂that＂ which occcasionally acts as metaphor item, ＂as if ＂ or＂ as though＂ are frequently used as metaphor items in this pattern. （2） ＂that＂pattern. Sentence patterns are＂A is to B what C is to D＂and ＂what C is to D, A is to B＂. By putting＂what clauce＂in front of the sentence, the first sentence pattern can be changed into the second one. （3）＂than＂pattem.（4）verb pattern. （5）＂and＂pattem.This pattern is often used in proverb,＂and＂ acts as ＂like＂. As a very common figure of speech, simlie is often used in advertisement and scientific and technical expositions. In advertisement, simile can vividly descibe features and usages of products. In scientific and technical expositions, simile can expound abstract concept in simple language and make it easily be understood by readers.