论伊朗政治与宗教关系的特征

On the Characteristics of the Relationship Between Iranian Politics and Religion

伊朗的政教关系历史悠久,而且政教关系中所表现的特征很有典型意义。伊朗的政教关系具有连续性、阶段性和层次性特征。所谓连续性是指伊朗的政治与宗教关系自人类文明开始以来就非常密切;所谓阶段性是指伊朗的政教关系在不同的历史时期具有不同的特点;所谓层次性是指伊朗的政教关系包括三个层面:作为国教的伊斯兰教与政治高度融合,并指导控制政治和政府;作为少数民族的宗教受到政治政府的控制和保护;作为异端的宗教受到政治政府的镇压。

The history of the relationship between Iranian politics and religion is long, and the characteristics reflected in the relationship have typical significance. The relationship between Iranian politics and religion is characterized by consistency, phase nature, and gradation. Consistency means that the relationship between Iranian politics and religion has been being close since the beginning of human civilization. Phase nature means that the relationship between Iranian politics and religion has different features in different historical times. Gradation means that the relationship between Iranian politics and religion consists of three levels. First, as Iranian national religion, Islam highly merges with politics, and supervises and controls politics and the government. Secondly, the religions of minorities are controlled and protected by politics and the government. Finally, the religions of heresy are suppressed by politics and the government.