中国南方主要防火树种的防火特性及开发利用研究

A STUDY ON THE FIREPREVENTION CHARACTERISTICS ANDTHE DEVELOPMENT AND UTILIZATION OF THE MAIN FIREPREVENTION TREE SPECIES IN SOUTH CHINA

本文采用多目标决策法对我国南方的主要防火树种进行初步筛选。在此基础上，以易燃的杉木（Ｃｕｎｎｉｎｇｈａｍｉａｌａｎｃｅｏｌａｔａ）、马尾松（Ｐｉｎｕｓｍａｓｓｏｎｉａｎａ）为对照，对其代表性树种———木荷（Ｓｃｈｉｍａｓｕｐｅｒｂａ）、火力楠（Ｍｉｃｈｅｌｉａｍａｃｃｌｕｒｅｉ）、细柄阿丁枫（Ａｌｔｉｎｇｉａｇｒａｃｉｌｉｐｅｓ）等的防火特性进行比较研究。结果表明，防火树种具有着火温度高、水分含量高，且析出速率快、活化能高、挥发分发热量低等特点。主成分分析表明，树叶的着火温度、含水率、水分析出速率、活化能及挥发分发热量等可作为判断树种防火性能优劣的主要指标，而苯—乙醇抽取物和粗灰分含量等可作为辅助性判断指标。文章最后提出了主要防火树种的开发利用途径和对策。

n this paper, using the method of multipurpose policy making, the main fireprevention tree species are screened preliminary. According to it, the fireprevention characteristics of the representative species Schima superba, Michelia macclurei and Altinggia gracilipes are compared with the inflammable species Cunninghamia lanceolata and Pinus massoniana. The results show that the fireprevention tree species have better fireprevention characteristics. Their ignition temperature is higher, their moisture content is greater, the rate of their moisture separation is faster, their activation energy is higher, and the thermal unit of their volatiles is lower. The results of principal components analysis show that ignition temperature, moisture content, the rate of moisture separation, activation energy, and the thermal unit of volatiles can be used as the main indices of judging the property of fire prevention of trees, and that the extraction matters and the crude ashes of phenethyl alcohol can be used as the supplementary indices of judgment. This paper sets forth the ways and countermeasures for the development and utilization of the main fireprevention tree species.