建立我国主要农作物卫星遥感估产运行系统的主要技术环节及解决途径

KEY TECHNICAL LINKS AND SOLUTION WAYS OF SETTING UP AWORKING SYSTEM FOR YIELD ESTIMATIONS OF THE MAINCROPS OF CHINA BY SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING

本文结合我国耕地和作物种植特点，并根据“八五”攻关实践，指出了建立我国主要农作物（小麦、玉米、水稻、棉花、大豆）卫星遥感估产运行系统所面临的主要技术环节，即系统的工程化总体设计；卫星遥感估产区划；背景数据库的建立；遥感信息同化技术；不同作物面积提取、长势监测与单产模型；运行系统的建立。进一步提出了系统实现的技术方案、步骤和解决这些主要技术环节的设想，即统一组织实施，避免重复工作；抓住主要农作物主产区遥感估产，以河南、安徽、江苏３省为多种作物综合卫星遥感估产试点省；结合遥感信息同化技术，建立面积提取、长势监测、单产模型体系和相应的软件模块；最终建立全国的卫星遥感估产集成系统。

his paper points out the main technical links of setting up, in China, a working system for yield estimations of the main crops (wheat, maize, rice, cotton, soybean ) by means of the remote sensing techniques according to the basic features of the farmland and the cropping system as well as the practice of yield estimations by means of remote sensing in the major crop growing regions from 1991 to 1996. The key links include the overall design of the engineering of the working system, the regionalization of estimating the yield by satellite remote sensing, the background database establishment, the assimilative techniques of remote sensing information, the extraction of the planting area of crops, the monitoring of crop growth and the model of the per unit area yield, and the establishment of a working system. This paper also describes the envisagement of the technical programme and steps for realizing the system; that is, to unify organization and implementation and to avoid repeat. First of all, grasking the yield estimations by satellite remote sensing for the main production area of crops and choosing Henan, Anhei and Jiangsu provinces to develop the experiment of integrated yield estimations of the five crops. Then setting up a method system of the extraction of planting area of crops and of monitoring the crop growth and yield for different regions or crops. According to the practical conditions an authentic or fictitious working system for the yield estimations by satellite remote sensing may be set up.