早产低体重儿51例临床管理分析

Study on clinical management of premature and low birth weight infants

目的:探讨临床早产低体重儿管理治疗经验,提高其存活率和生存质量。方法:对51例早产低体重儿的临床资料和综合处理进行回顾性分析。结果:治愈30例,占58.8%;好转7例,占13.7%;自动出院8例,占15.7%;死亡6例,占11.8%,其中5例死于呼吸衰竭,肺出血。其中3例有硬肿症,3例为极低体重儿;孕周<32周者3例;1例有宫内发育迟缓,1例有新生儿窒息史,1例有感染史,1例有抽搐史(颅内出血待排)。早产儿死亡率与孕周、体重密切相关,并发硬肿症者死亡率更高。结论:重视早产低体重儿的体温、营养、感染,严密而细致的临床管理,并积极预防及治疗并发症是提高早产低体重儿存活率的关键。

Objective： To investigate the clinical management and proper treatment of premature and low birth weight infants, to enhance the survival rate and improve the living quality. Methods： Data of clinical comprehensive treatments of the 51 cases premature and low birth weight infants were analyzed retrospectively. Results： Thirty cases were cured and 7 cases were improved, accounting for 83% and 13.7% respectively; 8 cases gave up treatment, accounting for 15.7% ; 6 cases died, accounting for 11.8%. Of the 6 died infants, 5 cases died of respiratory failure and pulmonary hemorrhage; 3 cases were sclerema neonatorum, 3 cases were very low birth weight infants; 3 cases＇ gestational age was less than 32 weeks, 1 case had intrauterine growth retardation, 1 case had asphyxia history of birth, 1 case had infection history , 1 case had convulsion history （ suspected intracranial hemorrhage）. The mortality rate of premature infants had close relation with gestational age, birth weight and sclerema neonatorum. Conclusion： The crucial measures to enhance survival rate of premature and low birth weight infants are to keep suitable temperature, provide proper nutrient and prevent infection , practice strict and delicate clinical management, prevent and treat complications aggressively.