若尔盖湿地草原沙化驱动因素分析

Analysis on the Driving Factors of Grassland Desertification in Zoige Wetland

若尔盖湿地草原大面积退化、沙化导致草地生产力下降,环境恶化,生物多样性减少,直接威胁该地区生态环境和区域经济的可持续发展。根据已有研究和野外考察获得的数据资料分析,若尔盖湿地草原的退化、沙化在于人类活动干扰和自然因素的双重作用。自然因素是沙化发生的大环境,是大空间、大跨度造成草地退化、沙化的自然环境背景,为生态环境恶化、沼泽退化、草原沙化提供一种可能性,而近几十年来人类强烈的破坏性活动是该地区生态环境恶化和草原退化、沙化的主导因素。在遵循自然客观规律的基础上,有针对性地制定切实有效的保护和恢复措施很有必要。

The degradation and desertification of grassland in Zoige wetland lead to a decline in grassland productivity,environmental deterioration and reduction in biodiversity,which threaten the region＇s ecological environment and the sustainable development of regional economy. Based on previous studies and data collected during field investigation, we analyze the causes of grassland degradation and desertification and come to a conclusion： the grassland degradation and desertification in Zoige wetland are influenced by human activities and natural factors. Natural factors are the natural background,which cause large-space and large-span grassland degradation and desertification. However,natural factors are not dominant factors at present,which only to make deterioration of the ecological environment, marsh degradation, and grassland desertification possible. Human＇s in tense activities in recent decades,such as overgrazing,draining swamps,are the main reasons which lead to the deterioration of the ecological environment and grassland degradation and desertification. It is necessary to formulate effective conservation and restoration measures based on the law of nature.