双生子法探讨儿童身高、体质量和头围的遗传度研究

Study on Heritability of Body Height,Body Weight and Head Circumference in Children by Twins Method

目的探讨我国儿童身高(BH)、体质量(BW)和头围(HC)的遗传度。方法采用Holzinger的改良遗传度计算法(h2)和Vogel的3种遗传度计算法(h12、h22、h32)对合肥市30对同卵双生子(MZ)、30对异卵双生子(DZ)和60对条件基本相同的群体对照组(CP)行BH、BW和HC的遗传度研究。采用SPSS11.5软件进行统计学分析。结果儿童BH遗传度:h2=0.712;Vogel的3种方法(h21=0.710,h22=0.729,h32=0.676),平均遗传度为0.705。BW遗传度:h2=0.548;Vogel的3种方法(h12=0.549,h22=0.625,h32=0.311)平均遗传度为0.494。HC遗传度:h2=0.605;Vogel的3种方法(h12=0.589,h22=0.677,h32=0.401)平均遗传度为0.555。学龄前组的BH遗传度高于学龄组。学龄组的HC遗传度略高于学龄前组。而学龄前组的BW和学龄组比较无显著差异。结论遗传因素对儿童的BH、BW和HC的影响最大,随着年龄的增长,遗传度有逐渐降低趋势,提示采用Vogel的3种计算方法对同一批样本进行计算,可以避免系统性误差,结果更为可靠。

Objective To explore the heritability of children＇s body height（ BH ） , body weight （BW） , head circumference （HC） in our country. Methods Holzinger＇s improved method（h^2） and Vogel＇s three methods of heritability estimation（ h^2 ,h2^2 ,h3^2） were used to estimate the heritability of BH, BW, HC for 30 pairs of monozygotic twins （MZ） , 30 pairs of dizygotic twins （DZ） and 60 pairs of mass control group （CP） in Hefei city. SPSS 11.5 software was used to analyze the data. Results The results showed the heritability of children＇s BH was 0. 712 by Holzinger＇s method calculation ;0. 710,0. 729,0. 676 by Vogel＇s three methods（ h1^2, h2^2, h3^2） calculation. The average of them was 0. 705. The heritability of children＇s BW was 0. 548 by Holzinger＇s method calculation;0. 549,0. 625,0. 311 by Vogel＇s three methods（ h1^2, h2^2 , h3^2 ） calculation. The average of them was 0. 494. The heritability of children＇s HC was 0. 605 by Holzinger＇s method calculation ;0. 589, 0. 677,0. 401 by Vogel＇s three methods（ h1^2, h2^2, h3^2） calculation. The average of them was 0. 555. Heritability of BH in preschool children group were all higher than that of school children group. Heritability of HC in school children group was higher than that of preschool children group. But heritability of BW in preschool children group and school children group were no obviously difference. Conclusions Genetic factor is related with BH, BW and HC for children,and those heritabilities are gradually reduced with their grow up. We also find using Vogel＇s three methods to estimate the same batch of sample can avoid systematic error,the result will be more accurate.