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儿童急性播散性脑脊髓炎20例 被引量:1

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in 20 Children
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摘要 目的探讨急性播散性脑脊髓炎(ADEM)儿童的临床特征、治疗情况及预后。方法对20例ADEM患儿的前驱症状、起病形式、病程、累及各系统及非特异临床表现进行分析。并对患儿行脑脊液、免疫学、影像学及脑电图检查。均使用甲泼尼龙等药物及对症、康复治疗。结果患儿均为急性或亚急性起病,均有感染及接种疫苗史。临床表现:脑、脊髓(包括脑干)可同时或相继受累,脑部症状表现为意识障碍20例、惊厥5例;颅神经受累10例,表现为动眼神经麻痹8例、吞咽困难7例、面瘫5例、呼吸困难4例;脊髓受累表现为四肢瘫痪20例、括约肌功能障碍18例。脑脊液检查细胞数轻度增高10例,蛋白增高2例;免疫学检查示IgG升高7例,IgA升高2例,IgM升高8例。12例CT检查中8例见多灶性软化灶,4例正常;MRI检查示1例为单病灶,其他均为不对称多病灶;3例作脊髓MRI检查,均正常。脑电图检查示14例表现为弥散性慢波活动,3例表现为性放电,3例正常。治愈5例,临床明显好转12例,3例转院治疗。2个月后随访6例MRI正常。2例留有运动障碍、继发性癫、语言障碍等后遗症。结论对有前驱感染或疫苗接种史,临床表现为广泛中枢神经系统改变,特别是意识障碍或惊厥,MRI检查提示脑白质多发性病灶者,应考虑诊断ADEM。尽早应用激素治疗,预后较好。
作者 毛向莹
出处 《实用儿科临床杂志》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2008年第12期943-944,共2页 Journal of Applied Clinical Pediatrics
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