水蕨配子体和孢子体发育的研究

On the development of gametophyte and sporophyte of Ceratopteris thalictroides

为探讨水蕨的生活史及其发育机制,采用土壤培养法,对粤东产水蕨的配子体和孢子体发育进程进行研究.结果表明:水蕨孢子于3月和11月播种,在室内自然条件下培养12 d后萌发形成丝状体,接着发育形成原叶体;1个月后原叶体分化出精子器和颈卵器,第2个月形成胚,胚经过3～4个月的发育形成成熟植株,长出新的孢子叶;孢子发育成熟约需1个月;4～6月是水蕨营养生长的高峰期.水蕨以孢子繁殖为主,其原叶体上能长出新的原叶体或片状结构,形状大多不规则,雌雄同体.此外,水蕨具有1个原叶体上发育出多株孢子体的现象.

To investigate the life history and growth of Ceratopteris thalictroides, the development of gametophyte and sporophyte of Ceratopteris thalictroides in the east of Guangdong province was studied using the soil cultivation method. The results showed that spore germinated and formed the filamentous after 12 days when sowing under nature condition indoors in March and November, then grew into prothallus. After 1 month the prothallium splitted into the antheridiu and archegonium, and in the 2 nd month the embryo formed. Passing through 3-4 month embryo grew to the mature plant which would form new sporophylls. It took 1 month for spore to grow mature. The peak stage of vegetative growth peak was from April to June. The primarily way of reproduction of Ceratopteris thalictroides was spore reproduction. The prothallus which was hermaphroditism could develop a new one or plate structure, and its shape was not regular. In addition, it could also be found in Ceratopteris thalictroides that many sporophytes survived on one prothallus at the same time.