中国北方地区沙漠化造成经济损失的货币评价

Monetary Accounting of Economic Loss of Sandy Desertification in North China

沙漠化是我国北方地区土地退化的主要表现形式。对北方10省区沙漠化造成经济损失的货币评价结果表明:①2005年我国北方10省区沙漠化造成的经济损失高达487.92亿元,其中以内蒙古自治区最为严重,占10省区总额的53.7%,内蒙古是我国北方沙漠化的重点治理地区。②北方10省区沙漠化造成的经济损失主要是土地废弃损失,土地废弃损失又以草地生态损失为主。沙漠化损失占10省区第一产业产值的9.6%,其中,内蒙古的沙漠化损失占第一产业产值的44.5%,青海占23.2%,可见部分地区的农业发展在相当程度上是以沙漠化和环境生态退化为代价换来的。③沙漠化导致土地生产力衰退,加剧了贫困。北方10省区沙漠化损失的人均负荷值为140元.人-1,其中,内蒙古的人均负荷值为812元.人-1,占农村人均纯收入的27.2%,青海的人均负荷值为222元.人-1,占农村人均纯收入10.3%。④沙漠化通过沙尘移动对下风向地区的环境质量带来了影响。沙尘暴源地对下风向地区带来的损失为50.66亿元,占沙尘暴损失的65.7%,占沙漠化经济损失总额约10%。按照谁受益谁负担的成本分摊原则,沙漠化治理投入应由当地和下风向地区共同承担,下风向地区可通过生态补偿的形式承担约10%的沙漠化治理投入。⑤沙漠化治理的投入产出存在较大区域差异,内蒙古、甘肃等重点地区的沙漠化治理投入不及沙漠化损失,亟需加大治理力度。

Sandy desertification is a main problem of land degradation in North China. In this paper, through accounting the economic loss of sandy esertification in North China, some conclusions are drawn as follows. （1）The economic loss of desertification is about 487.92× 10^8 Yuan, which has reached 9.6% of Primary Industry. In ten provinces of North China, the economic loss of desertification in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is the most seriously, which is equal to 53.7 % of ten provinces of North China. （2）Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has the highest economic loss of desertification, which accounts for about 44.5 % of Primary Industry. The second economic loss is Qinghai province with the proportion of 23.2 % of Primary Industry. This means that the agriculture of some regions took the ecological degradation as price. （3）Desertification destroys ecological balance, induces land degradation, and rises the poverty. Economic loss per capita in North China is about 140 Yuan. It is 812 Yuan and 222 Yuan in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Qinghai province, up to 27.2 % and 10.3 % of farmer＇s net income per capita. （4）Desertification comes into being some effects to leeward regions through sand-dust moving. The economic loss of leeward regions from source of sandstorm is about 50.66 × 10^8 Yuan, which accounts for 65.7 % of sandstorm loss and 10 % of economic loss of desertification. According to the rule that who benefits who burdens, the fee to control sandy desertification should be paid by windward regions and leeward regions together, so leeward regions should burden 10% of control cost through ecological compensation. （5） Input-output of desertification control has regional difference. Control input is lower than loss of sandy desertification in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Gansu Region, where should improve the control input.