水性聚氨酯的制备及其生化防护性能的研究

Study on the Preparation of Waterborne Polyurethane and Its Protective Capabilities to Biochemical Medium

采用自乳化法合成了水性聚氨酯乳液,通过织物涂层法制备亲水聚氨酯膜复合材料。研究了乳化工艺对水性聚氨酯乳液的影响。检测了亲水聚氨酯膜复合材料对气溶胶、细菌、病毒及化学介质的防护性能,并与相关标准和其它材料进行了比较。结果表明,研制的亲水聚氨酯膜复合材料具有优良的生化防护性能,对微粒气溶胶和细菌气溶胶的过滤效率为99.99%,细菌悬液阻隔率和病毒阻隔率大于99.999%,酸性和碱性化学液体防护时间大于600 s,碱性化学气体防护时间为192 s。

The waterborne polyurethane emulsion was synthesized by self-emulsification. The hydrophilic polyurethane film composites were prepared by coating the emulsion on fabric. The influence of emulsification in the waterborne polyurethane emulsion properties was studied. The protective capabilities of this composites were detected to aerosol, bacteria, virus and chemical medium, comparing with standards and other methods. The results showed that the hydrophilic polyurethane film composites had excellent protective capabilities to biochemical medium. Filter efficiency of micro particle aerosol and bacterial aerosol were 99. 99% , barrier performances of bacteria and virus were more than 99. 999%, the protective time of acid and alkaline chemical solution was more than 600 s, the protective time of alkaline chemical gas was 192 s.