兴安落叶松的结实规律及其影响因子

Chronic Regularity in Bearing Fruit of Larix gmelinii and Influence Factors

对大兴安岭地区兴安落叶松结实规律和历年气象资料的分析发现,兴安落叶松的结实具有明显的周期性。种子丰年的间隔期一般为3-8a,平均5.7a,无论是种子丰年还是平年,都不会连续出现。气候因子与结实量差异显著性检验表明：结实量与年降水量和≥10℃日数之间不存在必然联系,种子丰年与≥10℃积温连续达到1880℃以上水平的第2年密切相关。兴安落叶松散粉期和花粉管生长期的灾害性天气是直接导致种子低产的主要因子。提出保证兴安落叶松种子丰产需同时具备的3个必要条件。

Based on the analysis of fruit regularity and the meteorologic data in the past years, it is found that the fruiting characteristic in Larix gmelinii had obvious periodicity. A good harvest year occurred in 3 to 8 years, with the average 5.7 years. Neither good harvest years nor average harvest years occurred in a row. There were no significant correlations between the fruit yield, and the rainfall or the total day number of the temperature ≥10 ℃. A good harvest was closely correlated to the annual accumulated temperature reaching to about 1 880 ℃ day in the previous continuous two years. Disastrous weather in the period of pollen dispersal and the growth of pollen tubes was the major constraint to seed-production. Accordingly, three essential conditions are proposed to assure the high seed-yield of Larix gmelinii.