美国残疾人就业政策的变迁

The Evolution of American Employment Policy of the Handicapped

美国近百年的残疾人就业政策经历了以治疗残疾为特征的生存保障阶段,以强化职业康复和建设基础设施为特征的社会融合阶段、以消除就业歧视和完善工作场所为特征的权利扩展阶段以及以扩展自由和发挥潜能的潜能发展阶段。美国残疾人就业政策的变迁过程反映了不同时代总体物质生活条件和社会观念的内在关系及其对残疾人就业政策的影响。本文通过对美国残疾人各个阶段就业政策及效果的评述,结合新世纪美国社会经济发展形势对美国未来就业政策进行了展望。在新世纪,进一步扩展残疾人的就业权利,创造更好的无障碍社会生活环境与工作场所环境,充分有效地挖掘残疾人人力资源的创造潜力。将是美国政府未来的残疾人就业政策的发展趋势。

The employment policy of the handicapped in the United States has gone through several stages in the past century:the stage of guarantee of survival with medical treatment as the main feature;the social integration stage with the strenthening of professional recuperation and construction of infrastructure as the main feature;the right extension stage with eliminating employment discrimination and perfection of workplace as the main feature;and the potentiality development stage with the extension of freedom and the tapping of potential as the main feature.The article holds that the development trend of American government's future employment policy of the handicapped will be a further extension of the employment right of the handicapped,the creation of a better social environment and workplace environment,and a greater tap of the creative potential of handicapped human resource.