水下冲击波致犬肺损伤的病理学改变

Pathological changes of underwater blast lung injury in dogs

目的探讨水下冲击伤后肺的病理学改变。方法成年杂种犬29只，布放于离爆心10．36—15．25m处，分别用968、1019、1020gTNT水下3m爆炸，水中压力传感器测定冲击波物理参数，观察伤后肺的大体形态学改变以及光镜和电镜下组织结构的变化。结果肺损伤的发生率达93．1％，大体形态学改变主要为肺出血、肺淤血和肺水肿；光镜下可见肺泡腔内有大量的红细胞及纤维蛋白渗出；电镜下可见肺泡壁毛细血管内皮细胞破坏严重，部分线粒体出现空泡变与髓鞘样结构，常可见脱落的变性的肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞等特点。结论严重的肺出血和肺水肿可能为动物水下冲击伤早期死亡的主要原因。

Objective To explore pathological changes of underwater blast lung injury in dogs. Methods Underwater blast lung injury was made in 29 adult hybrid dogs ,which were placed 10.36-15.25meters from center of underwater explosion that occurred at TNT of 968,1 019 and 1 020 g underwater 3meters. Underwater pressure transmitter was used to measure physical parameters of blasts ; and light microscope （ LM ） and electron microscope （ EM ） were employed to measure gross morphlogical changes and structural changes of the tissues. Results Incidence rate of lung injury was as high as 93.1% ,with main gross changes including pulmonary hemorrhage, conges- tion and edema. LM showed exudation of large number of red cells and fibrin in alveolar space. EM showed damaged capillary endothelium of alveolar wall, vacuolization and myelin figure of partial mitochondria and degenerated type Ⅱ endothelium of alveolus. Conclusion Severe pulmonary hemorrhage and edema may be the main cause of early death of animal with underwater blast injury.