试论沙皇政府对哥萨克政策的演变

On the Change of Tsarist Regime’s Policy towards Cossacks

俄国哥萨克自15世纪形成后,热爱自由、平等与享有自治权逐渐成为其鲜明特征。然而由于沙皇政府在不同时期对哥萨克所采取的政策有所变化,哥萨克逐渐从逃亡农民的组织转变成俄罗斯国家的一个军事阶层,从自由与平等的象征演变为沙皇专制驯服的工具。

Since the fifteenth century Cossacks took shape. Loving freedom and equality and enjoying autonomy gradually became their distinctive characteristics. However, due to Tsarist government adopted different policies towards Cossacks in different times, Cossacks were transformed from the organization of fugitive peasants to a military class of Russia, from a free and equal symbol to a tamed tool of Czarist government.