环境中全氟取代化合物的研究进展

Research progress of perfluorochemicals in the environment

对新型污染物全氟取代化合物(Perfluorinated compounds,PFCs)的污染状况、环境行为、毒性、检测方法和研究趋势等方面进行了全面综述,希望为PFCs研究者提供参考。研究发现,环境中的PFCs主要来源于污水排放和它们的前体物在环境中的生物转化,水体中PFCs的质量浓度范围约为<LOD～1000ng/L,是PFCs在环境中主要的"汇";环境中的PFCs可通过生物放大及生物富集作用进入生物体内,并主要富集在肝脏和血液中;虽然,目前还没有PFCs对人体造成直接危害的确凿证据,但PFCs对实验动物可产生肝脏、神经、生殖等毒性,是一类复合毒性污染物,且可在环境及生物体中持久性存在,因此,得到环境科学家的广泛关注;PFCs的分析手段也在不断发展,固相萃取-高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱是最为常见的方法,但在标准样品、色谱分离及质量控制等方面还存在着不少问题。

The present article is aimed to provide an introduction to the latest advances in the research of perfluorinated （fully fluorinated） compounds （PFCs） as a severe kind of emerging contaminants both to animal and human blood, as well as to the whole eco-environment. Based on the latest research results and statistics, we have studied the concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate （PFOS） and perfluorooctane acid （PFOA） in aqueous system, blood and livers of animals, and blood of human, which prove to range from 〈 0.01 - 730 and 0.01 - 320 ng/L, 0.76 - 2 220 and 0.5 - 8.1 ng/mL, 〈LOD-85 and 〈LOD-27 ng/g wet weight, 〈1-164 and 0.9- 32 ng/mL, respectively. The polluted level of the ground surface water and human bodies in our country seems to be relatively serious in the world. In addition, because organofluorine molecules are uniquely characteristic of their physical, chemical, and biological features, such molecules are very difficult to be degraded under native environmental conditions, except for, according to a few research reports, being able to get photodegradated only by photo-catalyst H3PW12O4 or K2S2O8. Other current research reports show that such compounds are harmful to animals and human beings for their toxicity, such as containing hepatotoxicity, ncurotoxicity, embryonic toxicity, reproduction toxicity, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity, though evidence of their harmful influence on human beings remains to be further investigated and confirmed. Moreover, the current study on PFCs of transmission pathway in air, source in remote regions, transformation mechanisms in environment and toxicity still remain largely unexplored. Therefore, analytical methods are needed to be optimized for better assessment to their presence and behaviors in the environmental contexts. The research in PFCs have just been at its beginning in our country, moreover, most of the research work today has mainly been put on the investigation of the concentrations in aqueous system and human bodies in some coastal or heavy-industrial cites. According to the severe pollution situation, therefore, study on PFCs of analytical methods, environmental behaviors, toxicity, even extensively investigation on pollution arc very necessary, we have in this article fully demonstrated the polluted levels, environmental behaviors, and the toxicity of PFCs, which are expected to be favorable for the further research in this area.