松嫩平原湿地景观格局动态变化研究

Dynamic Change of Wetland Landscape Patterns in Songnen Plain

在GIS和RS技术支持下，运用FRAGSTATS软件，研究了1980～2000年松嫩平原湿地景观格局动态变化特征。结果表明，松嫩平原湿地景观格局发生了显著变化，21a湿地面积减少了33．1％；平均斑块面积、最大斑块指数均呈减小趋势，而景观形状指数、斑块密度、斑块分维数、景观分割指数和斑块周长偏离度则呈增加趋势；松嫩平原湿地分布质心发生偏移，21a来向西南方向偏移了49．82km，主轴方向逆时针旋转了7．817°，表明湿地景观具有破碎化和萎缩的趋势。这种变化是在区域水文和气候波动、水利工程、人类活动强度、对湿地的保护措施等因素共同驱动下形成的。

Utilizing the FRAGSTATS software to analyze the dynamic change characteristic of the wetland landscape pattern in Songnen Plain with the support of GIS and RS from 1980 to 2000. The results demonstrated that the wetland landscape pattern has taken place significant change in Songnen Plain. The area has been reduced 33.1% in recent 21 years. The average patch size and largest patch index has shown decreasing tendency, but the deviation of landscape shape index, patch density, patch dimension, landscape split index and patch perimeter have been increased. The distribution centroid of patches has moved by 49.82 km southwestward, and the orientation of the principal axis has rotated by 7. 817 anticlockwise since 1980. These revealed that the landscapes had the tendency fragmentation and shrinkage. The change was mainly caused by the nature and the human factor together.