环境铅污染对婴幼儿智能发育的影响

Effects of Environmental Lead Pollution on Infant Intellectual Development

目的研究婴幼儿时期铅暴露对智能发育的影响,为制定防止环境铅污染的政策提供科学依据。方法采用纵向追踪研究的方法,对生后6个月的正常足月婴儿进行Gesell发育诊断量表、血红蛋白、血铅和血锌检测,以剔除严重智能发育障碍、锌缺乏和贫血患儿。根据血铅水平将300例入选对象分为铅中毒组和对照组,同时进行婴幼儿铅中毒相关危险因素分析。其后,分别于婴儿生后9、12和15个月各进行Gesell发育诊断量表和血铅检测。结果本组婴儿生后6个月血铅总体均值为57.62μg/L,铅中毒发生率为10.67%;且随着年龄增长,血铅水平升高。同时,铅中毒组婴幼儿智能发育水平明显落后于对照组,尤其是在适应性、语言和个人社交性行为3个方面,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。此外,婴幼儿铅中毒相关危险因素分析表明:父母职业、居住环境以及婴幼儿生活或卫生习惯、饮食与营养状况等因素影响婴幼儿血铅水平。结论铅污染将阻碍婴幼儿智能发育,应制定相关法规,降低环境铅水平。

Objective To study the effects of environmental lead pollution on infant intellectual development and provide scientific evidnce for making policy on preventing environmental lead pollution. Methods The method of longitudinal tracing was used. Infants aged 6 th months were subjected to mental development test by Gesell developmental scales, and blood lead, zinc and hemoglobin assays to eliminate those with severe intellectual developmental disorders, zinc deficiencies or anaemias form this analysis. A total of 300 infants were involved in the final analysis and were divided into the following 2 groups ： the lead poisoning group （n =32） and the control group （n =268）, according to the blood lead levels. Risk factors for lead poisoning were also investigated. The infants were re - tested by Gesell developmental scales and blood lead assay at 9 th, 12 th and 15 th month of age, Results The mean blood lead value was 57. 62 μg/L and the incidence of lead poisoning was 10. 67% among infants aged 6 months. The blood lead level increased along with aging, The intellectual development, especially that of adaptability, language and social interaction, was significantly lower in lead poisoning group than in control group （P 〈 0. 01 ）. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the parents＇ occupations, dwelling environment, behavior habit, diet habit and nutritional status were the main influencing factors of lead poisoning. Conclusion Environmental lead opllution had negative effects on infants＇ intellectual development, Policies should be made to reduce the environmental lead level.