早产儿与足月儿在1岁以内体格发育比较

The comparison of physical development between premature infants and full-term infants aged less than one year

目的了解早产儿在受到干预后的体格生长发育情况,且与足月儿比较,看能否追赶上足月儿,为今后评价早产儿的发育提供一些依据。方法按整群抽样法对2000～2006年在西南医院做过儿童保健检查的106例早产儿及106例正常足月儿的体格发育资料进行统计归纳,进行独立样本t检验。结果早产儿体重在出生时存在显著差异性(Ρ<0.01),2、4月龄时存在差异性(Ρ<0.05),6月龄后差异无显著性(P>0.05);身高、头围在2、4月龄时存在差异性(Ρ<0.05),6月龄后差异无显著性(P>0.05);胸围、血红蛋白在2月龄时存在差异性(Ρ<0.05),4月龄后差异无显著性(P>0.05);早产儿由于孕期短,出生时和出生后2～4月体格发育低于足月儿。结论早产儿在受到干预后的体格发育能良好的生长,且有一个快速的追赶期,最佳时期是1岁以内,特别是前半年,并且能追赶上足月儿,故家长们只要采取科学的喂养方法及按时做儿童保健检查,接受专业医生的正确指导,早产儿是能够健康成长的。

Objective To investigate the physical growth development of premature infants after intervention, compare the difference between premature infants and full-term infants aged less than one year, to provide some evidences for the evaluation of future development of premature infants. Methods Statistical induction and t test with independent samples were performed with cluster sampling on 106 cases of premature infants and 106 cases of normal full-term infants, who had accepted child cares in Southwest Hospital from 2000 to 2006. Results There were significant differences among the weights of premature infants at birth （P〈0.01）, as well as at the age of 2 and 4 months （P〈0.05）, no significant differences after 6 months （P〉0.05）. There were significant differences among the heights and head circumferences at the age of 2 and 4 months （P〈0.05）, no differences after 6 months （P〉0. 05）. There were significant differences among the chest circumferences and hemoglobin values at the age of 2 months （P〈0.05）, no differences after 4 months （P〉0.05）. Due to the short time of pregnancy, physical development of premature infants during the time of birth and 2 to 4 months after birth were lower than that of full-term infants. Conclusion The physical growth catch-up period with the best time of the first year, especially in the first half year, and during this period development of premature infants after intervention can be very favourable. Moreover, a rapid chase makes premature infants catch up with full- term infants. Therefore, the former ones will develop well if their parents take the scientific feeding, bring them to child cares on time and accept the correct guidance from medical professionals.