原则、规则与法律推理

Principles,Rules,and Legal Reasoning

近年来大陆法学界从法律方法论的角度,对法律原则与法律规则的性质、地位、效力及适用问题展开研究,提出了许多富有启发的见解。所谓逻辑差异,是指该差异不是偶然的或程度上的,而是这两种规范的概念上的必然属性。选择理由论的理由是:无论是法律原则还是法律规则,都是要为人们提供行为理由。法律是通过影响行为人的实践推理的方式实现这一目的的。但是,不同性质的理由影响实践推理的方式是不一样的。法律原则固然是法律所致力实现的价值,但法律事业主要是一种用规则来玩的游戏,即通过规则的中介实现其背后的原则。规则存在的必要性,来自于原则作为理由的不完全性。其主要功能在于将一个不完全的原则具体化,或者确定冲突原则的特定解决方案。

In recent years, the experts of mainland law begin study the nature, status, effectiveness and application of the legal principle and rule from the point of legal methodology. The issue of principles is an important problem in legal theory and legal reasoning. This study disclosed various problems existed in mainstream theories on principles through examining the Dworkinist stands on principles; also, this study reconstructed two types of logic relations between principles and rules based on the stand of reason theory, and expounds on the fundamentals of principles and its influence on legal reasoning. On the grounds of choice for the following reasons： either legal principle or rule is to provide people with reasons for action. The law achieve this purpose by affecting the practical reasoning way. However, the kinds of reasons affecting the practical reasoning is different. The necessity of rules comes from the incomplete of the principle as reasons.