寒冷环境土壤侵蚀类型

Types of Soil Erosion in Chilly Environment

土壤侵蚀已成为全球性的环境灾害之一,土壤侵蚀分类是认识土壤侵蚀发生发展机理、空间分布特征和规律以及治理措施制定的重要依据。我国经过半个多世纪的研究,建立了较为合理的中国土壤侵蚀分类系统,但是对寒冷地区土壤侵蚀因为研究较少,其土壤侵蚀分类研究深度相对较低。鉴于此,从寒冷地区环境特征,营力分析入手,对寒冷地区以侵蚀营力为依据,将土壤侵蚀划分为冻融侵蚀、寒冻侵蚀和冰川侵蚀三种类型,并提出了划分的标准和范围。

Soil erosion has become a global environmental disaster. Classification of soil erosion is a significant basis for cognition of its mechanism of emergence and growth, as well as characteristics and laws of its spatial distribution, and for establishment of rehabilitation measures. Through research of more than half a century, a quite reasonable taxonomy system of soil erosion in China has been set up. However, research on soil erosion in chilly area is less, so its taxonomy system study is relatively weak. Therefore, to start with environmental characteristics and analysis of natural forces, based on erosion force in chilly area, this paper classifies the erosion into freezing-thawing erosion, freezing erosion and glacier erosion, and puts forward standard and scope of categorization. We believe that freezing-thawing erosion is distributed in range from average annual temperature of 0℃ to the highest average monthly temperature of 0℃ ; freezing erosion is distributed in area of average monthly temperature of July below 0℃ ; while glacier erosion in area covered with snow all the year. Soil erosion in chilly area is mainly natural erosion, and only a part of freezing-thawing erosion area is disturbed by human activity. As a result of global warming, there is a trend of freezing-thawing erosion area moving to high altitude （latitude）.