胶东山区县域优质苹果生态适宜性评价及潜力分析

Ecological suitability evaluation and potential analysis of top-quality apple in Jiaodong mountainous areas at county level

山区地形复杂,自然资源立体差异显著。如何精确的表示各种资源在山区的分布状况和建立评价模型,是山区农业结构调整和资源优化利用所需要的。该文以胶东半岛典型山区栖霞市为例,构建了县域数字高程模型,应用GIS对气候因子进行了空间定量模拟,在分析苹果生长生态要求与地形、土壤、气候各项生态评价因子关系的基础上,利用多因素综合法进行了县域优质苹果生态适宜性评价,并综合评价结果和土地结构特征,分析了栖霞市优质苹果发展潜力。结果表明:栖霞市优质苹果生长的生态适宜程度较高,中、高度适宜面积达9万多hm2,占县域面积的45%;优质苹果发展的潜力较大,中度以上生态适宜区可开发面积达5万多hm2,其中高度适宜区具备优质苹果发展的潜力最大,中度适宜区次之,极度适宜区和初度、不适宜区的发展潜力较小。该评价结果为当地苹果产业快速发展和农业结构调整提供了决策依据。

The complicated topography of mountainous areas makes the spatial distribution of natural resources more non-uniform. Sound interpretation and modeling of natural resources in mountainous areas are the keys for restructuring of agriculture and optimization of resources utilities. Taking Qixia City of Jiaodong Peninsula as a case, the authors evaluated the suitability and analyzed the potential for local apple planting based on GIS. First, 1 ： 25000 scale Digital Elevation Model（DEM） was built. And the evaluation factors of slope, aspect were derived from DEM. Through the 63 meteorological point data of this area, the annual sunshine duration, average annual accumulated temperature （≥ 10℃）, annual precipitation and average temperature diurnal range between June and September were modeled through DEM. And the evaluation factors of soil texture, soil depth and soil organic matter were obtained from the digital soil types and field data. After that, the impacts of all the data on apple planting were evaluated, respectively, and synthetic impact of them using multi-factor integrated evaluation approach, and further potential analysis performed according to the zones divided and local status quo. The results show that there are a high ecological suitability degree and big development potential for apple planting in Qixia City. The acreage of the most and high suitable zone for apple planting was more than ninety thousand hectares（45% of the total area）. And the tamable acreage in the zone between the most and moderate suitable for apple planting was more than fifty thousand hectares. These results provide guidances for local government in the adjustment of agricultural structure in characteristic development zones of apple planting.