西安市10种蔬菜中氟污染状况分析评价

Analyses and Assessment of Fluorine Pollution Situation in 10 Kinds of Vegetables in Xian

[目的]评价西安市郊区蔬菜的氟污染状况。[方法]采用氟离子选择电极法,测定西安市郊区10种蔬菜80个样品中氟含量,按食品卫生国家标准分析评价蔬菜的氟污染状况。[结果]所采集蔬菜样品中氟的检出率为100%,平均含量为0.705 mg/kg,变异系数为86.2%,总体超标率为21.2%,最高含量是最低含量的33.1倍。叶菜类蔬菜中氟的平均含量远远超过茄果类蔬菜中氟的平均含量,是茄果类蔬菜的2.9倍;茄果类蔬菜氟含量无超标现象,叶菜类蔬菜氟含量超标率为42.5%。西安市郊区蔬菜氟污染水平依次是:西郊>北郊>东郊>南郊,超标率分别为35.0%、30.0%、15.0%和5.0%。[结论]重污染地区以栽种茄果类蔬菜为宜。

[Objective] The aim was to evaluate the fluorine pollution on vegetables in Xian suburb.[Method] The method of fluoride ion selective electrode was used to mensurate the fluoride contents in 80 samples of 10 kinds of vegetables in Xian suburb,the fluorine pollution status on vegetables was analyzed and evaluated in accordance with the national standard of State Food Hygiene.[Result] The fluorine detection rate in gathered vegetable sample was 100%,with average content of 0.705 mg/kg,variation coefficient of 86.2% and total exceeding standard rate of 21.2%,and the highest content was 33.1 times of the lowest one.The average content of fluorine in leaf vegetables was extremely larger than that in solanaceous vegetable crops and the content in the former was 2.9 times over the latter one.No phenomenon of exceeding standard of fluorine content was found in solanaceous vegetables and the exceeding standard rate of fluorine content in leaf vegetables was 42.5%.The fluorine pollution level of vegetables in Xian suburb was in turn as follows： West suburb 〉 North suburb 〉East suburb 〉 South suburb and the exceeding standard rates were 35.0%,30.0%,15.0% and 5.0% resp.[Conclusion] It would be suitable to plant solanum vegetable crops in heavy contamination area.