塔里木河流域中游垦区土地利用/覆被变化的环境影响分析

Analysis of the Land-using and Environmental Effect in the Middle Reach of the Tarim River

在遥感和GIS技术支持下,首先通过对塔里木河流域中游垦区1992和2000年两期的遥感影像进行解译,获得了研究区土地覆被的变化情况。然后,结合区域自然地理条件、气候、水文等资料分析了研究区的土地覆被变化对生态环境的影响。研究表明:人口的增长使得农田面积有了大幅度的增加,灌溉需水量、农业废水排出量等也随之增加,这直接导致了塔里木河水量的减少、水质的恶化;植被面积锐减影响了区域的生态系统服务功能;塔里木河中游垦区土地的荒漠化现象正在加剧。最后,为遏制塔里木河中游生态环境恶化的趋势,提出了科学利用水资源、控制流域人口增长、进行生态修复、调整产业结构、防止荒漠化的工程措施等合理性建议。

Based on remote sensing and GIS technology,in the paper,the author firstly analyzed the land covering change in the middle reach of the Tarim River from 1992 to 2000 period and the information on the land use/change of the region was required.And then through the further analysis of geographic,climatic and hydrologic factors affecting the region,it was concluded that：the human population＇s increasing resulted in farming-land increasing so that the duty-water and waste-water discharge were increased,which caused the water requirement reduced and the quality of water decreased in Tarim River;the area of a sharp drop vegetation influenced the function of ecosystem service of the middle and lower reach of the Tarim River;the area of land desertification was expanded.Finally,in order to limit the deterioration of the ecological environment of the middle reach of the Tarim River,the author put forward several reasonable proposals,such as： the application of ultrasound of water resource,the control of population growth,the restoration of the natural system,the readjustment of industrial structure,the prevention of desertification and so on.