科尔沁沙地植被恢复演替过程中群落结构及土壤理化性状的变化

Change of the Community Structure and Soil Physical and Chemical Property during Vegetation Restoration Succession in Kerqin Sandland

基于对科尔沁沙地不同土地利用方式下(禁牧、弃耕)植被恢复系列的群落学调查,分析了植被恢复过程中群落种类组成、植物物种多样性、群落生态优势度及土壤理化性状的变化情况。结果表明,从流动沙地、半流动沙地、半固定沙地到固定沙地,每一阶段都对应着一个典型的群落类型,每一群落类型都有一个作用明显的优势种。植被恢复过程中植物物种丰富度S、hannon-Wiener多样性指数、均匀度指数、群落生态优势度指数、生活型结构和分类科属组成的变化,都表明了植被发育程度的提高和群落生态功能的恢复。在演替早期,一年生、二年生和旱生植物功能群在各个阶段始终保持着较高的优势地位,对群落生态功能的发挥和维持起着重要作用。但随着演替的进行,多年生植物的种类、数量不断增加,表明多年生植物在群落功能维持中占据重要地位。藜科植物在演替过程中种类数量较为稳定,特别是在演替早期藜科植物占有很高的优势度。禾本科种类随演替进展不断增加,且在群落中的优势度逐渐上升。禾本科和豆科种类的增加表明草地质量改善和提高,同时,土壤理化性质也随之改善。土壤中有机质的含量依次为:固定沙地>撂荒地>半固定沙地>半流动沙地>流动沙地。在植被恢复过程中,不同群落的组成变化是物种适应性和群落环境变化相互作用的结果,物种、功能群组成的变化,基本反映了群落结构复杂化和环境基质稳定性增强等一系列植被与生境系统变化的趋向。

Base on the survey of the communities in restoration succession series under different land use manners,the changes of vegetation and soil properties were compared and analyzed.The conclusion was follows：There was a typical community type for each succession stage.The changes during the recovering successions showed the increase of vegetation development and the restoration of community ecological functions.Annual and biennial specie and xerophyte were dominant at the forepart of the restoration succession,they played the most important ecological role in the communities,but the roles were replaced gradually by the perennial species at the later stages of the restoration succession.The species number of Chenopod was relatively stable during the restoration succession,and they showed high dominance at the forepart of the restoration succession,but the biomass and species of Gramineae and Legumes were increased during the restoration succession.Meanwhile,the property of soil was improved,and the organic matter was increased.These changes of the community composition and soil properties during the restoration succession reflected that the community structure became complicated and the soil stability was enhanced.