不同密度和氮肥对夏玉米驻玉309产量及物质生产的影响

Influence of Different Level of Planting Density and N Fertilizer on the Yield and Matter Production of Summer Maize Zhuyu 309

[目的]为驻玉309大面积推广提供科学依据。[方法]以驻玉309为试材,随机区组设计,设置了3个种植密度和4个供氮水平。收获时,各小区中选择有代表性的10株,测定生物产量、籽粒产量和穗部性状。[结果]不同密度间穗粒数、穗粒重差异极显著,表现为4.5万株/hm2>7.5万株/hm2>6.0万株/hm2。千粒重在密度、肥力处理间差异不大。行粒数随密度增加而减少,各施氮处理的行粒数均高于不施氮处理,以450 kg/hm2氮肥为最高;秃尖长随密度增加呈增加趋势,各施氮处理秃尖长均低于不施氮处理。驻玉309单株籽粒产量及生物产量表现为4.5万株/hm2>6.0万株/hm2>7.5万株/hm2。[结论]适宜的种植密度和施氮量能提高驻玉309的产量,密度过大和施氮量过多,反而降低驻玉309产量。

[Objective] The study aimed to provide a base for the popularization of Zhuyu 309 in big area. [Method] In the field test with random block arrangement, taking 2lauyu 309 as tested material, 3 planting densities and 4 N fertilizer rotes were set up, 10 plants per treatment were collected in harvest stage and its bid-yield, grain yield and ear characters were measured. [Result] The grain number and weight per ear had a siginifieandy difference among the different densities, with their order was 4.5 × 10^4 plants/ hm^2 〉 7.5 × 10^4 plants/hm^2 〉 6.0 × 10^4 plants/hm^2. 1000-kernel weight had no marked difference among the treatments of different densities and fertilizer rates. Grain per row was decreased with the increase of the density. Grain per row in the treatments with N fertilizer was higher than that in the treatment with no N fertilizer, and that in the treatment with N fertilizer at 450 kg/hm^2 was highest. The barren ear tip was decreased with the increase of the density and that in each treatment with N fertilizer was lower than that without N fertilizer. Groins per row in each treatment with N fertilizer were all lower than that without N fertilizer. The yield of grains per plant and bid-yield of Zhuyu 309 in order among 3 densities was 4.5 × 10^4 plants/hm^2 〉 6.0 × 10^4 plants/hm^2 〉 7.5 × 10^4 plants/hm^2. [Conclusion] The optimum planting density and the N fertilizer rate could increase the yield of Zhuyu 309. Too bigger density and more N fertilizer rate could decrease the yield of Zhuyu 309on the contrary.