4种多年生禾本科牧草种子收获方法的研究

Studies on Harvesting Methods for Seed Production of Four Perennial Forage Grasses Species

[目的]研究4种多年生禾本科牧草在3种收获方式下的产量损失情况。[方法]以人工完全收获为参照,研究了谷物联合式收割机直接收获法与人工分段收获法在4种多年生禾本科牧草种子收获过程中的产量损失情况,同时研究了不同清选方式对种子质量的影响,分析了农户人工筛选种子的质量水平。[结果]扁穗冰草和新麦草适合于联合收割机直接收获,与人工完全收获的产量相比,收获率分别达到76.0%和66.1%。无芒雀麦种子以人工分段法收获的效率最高,达到74.7%。高羊茅种子的落粒性较强,联合式收割机收获和人工分段法收获的产量损失均超过50%,应考虑适当提前收获时间。[结论]该研究为当地小规模种植基地与农户分散种植并存的牧草种子生产方式提供技术依据。

[ Objective] The aim was to study the yield loss of 4 perennial forage grasses under the 3 harvesting methods. [ Method] With the method of artificial complete harvesting by hand as CK, the yield losses of 4 perennial forage grass seeds during harvesting by grain combine harvester and artificial segmentation harvesting were studied and the quality level of artificial screening seed by farmers was analyzed. [ Result] Russian wildrye grass and Crested wheatgrass were suitable to be harvested by combine harvester directly and their seed harvesting rates reached 76.0% and 66.1%, resp. in comparison with that by artificial complete harvesting. The seed harvesting rate of Smooth bromegrass harvested by artificial segmentation harvesting method was high- est, being 74.7%. As the seed of Tall fescue had strong shattering habit, the yield lose of Tall fescue harvested by combine harvester and the artificial complete harvesting method was more than 50%, so it should be considered that Tall fescue seed required an earlier harvesting date. [Conclusion] This study provided technique base for the coexistence methods for producing forage grass seed by small scale planting in local base and by dispersing planting by farmers.