半无叶型粮菜兼用豌豆新品种须菜3号选育

Breeding of the New Semi-leafless Pea Cultivar Xucai No.3 Consumed as both Grain and Vegetable

[目的]针对普通型豌豆倒伏严重、产量低等问题,选育半无叶型高抗倒伏、粮菜兼用豌豆新品种。[方法]以普通型豌豆日本菜豌豆为母本,半无叶型豌豆宝峰2号为父本,进行有性杂交,运用一年三代加代选择法。[结果]成功选育出半无叶型粮菜兼用、高抗倒伏的豌豆新品种须菜3号。该品种株型收敛,露地栽培主茎节数17个左右,株高72 cm左右,有效分枝3个左右;托叶颜色深绿,开白花;荚果圆柱形,荚皮嫩厚,无革质膜,适宜菜用;成熟时荚果黄白,籽粒绿圆,亦可粮用;单株荚数13个左右,双荚率90%以上,荚粒数4个左右,千粒重170 g左右。大田生产一般产鲜荚17250 kg/hm2左右,干籽粒产量4200 kg/hm2左右,均高于对照(中豌6号)30%以上;粗蛋白、粗脂肪、钙、磷含量均高于对照品种,粗纤维低于对照;抗根腐病、白粉病和猝倒病;最佳种植密度为9×105/hm2。[结论]须菜3号具有高产、优质、抗倒伏、抗寒、耐热、抗病、粮菜兼用、适应性广泛等特性,具有良好的推广应用前景。

[ Objective] Common pea varieties had some disadvantages such as serious lodging and low yield. The research aimed to breed and select new semi-leafless pea cultivar, possessing high yield and high quality, consumed as both grain and vegetable. [Method] Sexual hybridization and increasing generation in spring, summer and winter in one year were applied. The cross combination was Japan Vegetable Pea（common pea） x Baofeng No. 2 （semi- leafless pea）. [Result] Xueai No. 3, semi-leafless pea, high lodging resistance, consumed as both grain and vegetable, was successfully bred and selected. The characteristics of the new cultivar were as follows： Node number of main stem, plant height and effective brunches were about 17, 72 cm and 3 respectively. The ctdtivar had bottle-green stipules, white flowers and columned pods. The fresh pods were tender and thick and had no leather membranes, suitably used as vegetable. When ripening, the pods were white and yellow, and the round seeds were green, suitably used as grain. Its pod number per plant, rate of double pods, seed number per pod and 1 000-seed weight were about 13, 90%, 4 and 170 g respectively. Under field producing condition, its fresh pod yield and dry grain yield were about 17 250 kg/hm^2 and 4 200 kg/hm^2 respectively, both increased by above 30% compared with CK cultivar Zhongwan No. 6. Contents of protein, fattiness, calcium and phosphorus determined in Xueai No. 3 dry seeds were all higher than those in Zhongwan No. 6. But contents of fibre was lower than that in Zhongwan No. 6. Its root rot resistance, powdery mildew resistance and damping-off resistance were all better than Zhongwan No. 6. The suitable sowing density of Xucai No. 3 was 9 × 10^5/hm^2. [ Conchision] Xucai No. 3 had well spreading foreground because of its high yield, high quality, high lodging resistance, cold resistance, heat tolerance, disease resistance and abroad adaptability.