麦克阿瑟与日本“和平宪法”的制定

MacArthur and the formulation of Japan's Peace Constitution

日本国和平宪法并非日本方面所构想,而是由麦克阿瑟领导的盟军最高统帅部所制定,日本政府为了天皇制的存续迫不得已而接受。不过,麦克阿瑟当时并没有强加宪法修改草案的意图,而是希望日本政府尽可能地发挥主体性自主完成。只是由于日本政府不顾盟军最高统帅部的多次督促而一味消极应对,幻想通过对旧宪法尽可能少的修改应付差事所导致。亦即,日本政府的"外交直感"实际上在宪法修改过程中并不如吉田所说的那样敏于时势。在这样的一种被占领国与占领军之间极为特殊的外交谈判中日本原本可以处于主动地位的。

Japan＇s Peace Constitution was not planned by Japan, but formulated by the Supreme Command of the Allies under the leadership of MacArthur, and the Japanese was compelled to accept in order to keep the tenno system. MacArthur did not mean to write the consititution, but expected Japanese government to play an active and more independent role. Owing to the fact that the Japanese did not go to work, even under the repeated push of the Allies, hoping to use the Meiji constitution with minor revisions, as a result, MacAthur had to do it himself. Namely, the ＂diplomatic intuition＂ of the Japanese government was not correct as Yoshita thought. Japan actually could play an active role in the special negotiation between the conqueror and the conqued.