陆地生态系统物质交换模型

Models of mass exchange in terrestrial ecosystem:A review

陆地生态系统物质交换模型是生态系统水、碳、养分循环研究的重要方向和极具发展前景的不可替代的手段。本文对近年来发展的众多陆地生态系统物质交换模型进行了归类:1)根据建模思路不同分为经验模型、过程模型和混合模型;2)根据物质传输机制的不同分为生物物理模型和生物地球化学模型;3)根据对植被结构处理方式的不同分为单层模型、双层模型和多层模型;4)根据模型应用性不同分为诊断性模型和预测性模型;5)根据构建模型的逻辑结构不同分为自下而上模型和由上而下模型;6)根据研究尺度的不同分为生态系统尺度模型、景观尺度模型和区域尺度模型;7)根据植物生理过程的不同分为光合作用模型和蒸腾作用模型。最后对不同类型模型的优缺点进行综合分析,探讨了新的发展方向。

Modeling the mass exchange in terrestrial ecosystem is an important aspect and a very promising and irreplaceable instrument in studying the cycles of water, carbon, and nutrients in ecosystems. Numerous models about the mass exchange in terrestrial ecosystem were developed in recent years, and in this paper, they were categorized into： 1 ） empirical, process, and hybrid models based on the differences in modeling idea; 2） biophysical and biogeochemical models in terms of the mechanisms of mass transfer; 3） single, dual, and multiple models complying with the distinction of vegetation structure; 4 ） diagnostic and prognostic models according to the differences in application; 5） bottom-up and top-down models in the light of logical structure of modeling; 6） ecosystem, landscape, and regional scale models based on the dissimilarity of scale ; and 7） photosynthesis and transpiration models depending on plant physiological processes. The merits and shortcomings of the models were analyzed, and the directions in further research were proposed.